How Can Two Appraisers Value the Same Property Differently?

House with pool

 A situation to avoid in any market is ending up with a contract price that the appraiser doesn't agree with. Sometimes sellers are willing to lower their selling price, or buyers raise their contract price, or adjust their loan level if possible to meet the new selling criteria.  Sometimes an appraiser is willing to make an adjustment (not very common), or the lender order a new appraisal which is probably going to be an additional expense to the buyer. This is why it's so important to find the right list price and selling price when putting your property on the market--sometimes though, there's just no predicting even when you thought you chose justifiable comparables.  Read the article below about how these disparities can come about.

 How Can Two Appraisers Value the Same Property Differently?: One of the most frustrating things for consumers, agents, and even appraisers involved in a real estate transaction is seeing disparate results in two or more appraisals of a property. A variety of factors—including timing, purpose of the valuation and comparable sales used—can lead to disparities.

Appraisals -- What Do You Know About Them?

Sellers have been in a multiple offer market again this year, with buyers getting the "Buy Now" feeling in order to get  a home. But buyers nevertheless want a good value, and appearance, condition and location are still extremely important.  That all goes into value for the buyer.

So sellers, pricing your property for sale goes hand-in-hand with preparing your property for sale, which ultimately can affect the perceived value and thus, the sold price, of the property. 

So how does a seller decide on the right list and sale price? Your Realtor should explain transactional aspects, the contract, the current market trends, and, unless you obtain an all-cash buyer for your home, the fact that there will be an appraisal performed, which must be no lower than the agreed-upon contract price of the property (if further issues are to be avoided). And, possibly your Realtor may also have some experience with pricing listings using some of the same guidelines the licensed appraiser uses.

The buyer's lender's appraiser will have the ultimate word for value -- yes, theoretically it's possible to appeal but most often that is not successful, or it may require the buyer finding another appraiser, at buyer's cost. 

Many sellers are familiar with "comparables" - but what goes into that word?  It means they must be within the area, similar properties and recent active, pending and solds. Remember, an appraisal is an "opinion of value", so opinions may vary somewhat from one professional to another.  Usually, about 6 properties are selected. Closed sales must be within last 6 months, maybe more recent within last 90 days, within one mile, and within 20-25% of the property's living area square footage (GLA). If the buyer is obtaining a conventional loan, all square footage must be permitted to be included in the appraisal; an FHA loan requires "permittable" square footage.  Have you heard of bracketing? That's where properties both lower and higher in value, less and more in GLA, lot size, possibly age and other physical characteristics such as upgrades and remodels, are used as comparables. So, for example, a 900 sq. foot house is not compared to a 2500 sq. foot house. And the appraised value of your home cannot be higher than the highest priced sold comparable.  So comparable selection is important, and if it's difficult, i.e., due to lack of  recent sales or listings, to find them meeting all the selection criteria, the appraiser has to justify a different selection in written remarks.

Living areas don't include, for example, a guest house, patio room or the garage.  And, a long held belief is that in order to a bedroom to be qualified as such, it must have a closet -- but that's not true according to the International Residential Code. To qualify, a bedroom must be over 70 sq ft, have a minimum 7 ft of wall length, at least 2 methods of egress including doors and windows to the outside, and have at least 7 ft ceiling height in at least one-half of the room. It doesn't have to have a closet.

Sellers, the more information you can share about the property, the more your Realtor can assist the appraiser, because not all information is readily available on the MLS listing. Provide your agent with a list of improvements: what, when, cost, and any permits for additions which you physically possess or obtain online, the name and phone number of any HOA property manager, HOA information on dues and amenities.  Your agent will be able to provide area comparables and copies of any multiple offers, plus a copy of your contract with the buyer.

This post if about the general basics of appraisals, there can be other factors to consider, such as a fastward moving up or down market.

If you would like more information about pricing your property and get the opinion of a real estate professional who's been licensed since 1994, please contact me via phone, text, or email!

 Julia Huntsman, REALTOR, Broker | http://www.juliahuntsman.com | 562-896-2609 | California Lic. #01188996

Some California Real Estate Laws for 2022

Every year a plethora of new laws comes into effect, the following are some of them which should be of interest to the consumer and professional in the real estate industry:

Appraisals -      After July 1, 2022, every contract for sale of real property shall contain a notice that all appraisals shall be unbiased, objective, and not influenced by any illegal considerations, including "race, color, religion (including religious dress, grooming practices, or both), gender (including, but not limited to, pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and related conditions, and gender identity and gender expression), sexual orientation, marital status, medical condition, military or veteran status, national origin (including language use and possession of a driver’s license issued to persons unable to prove their presence in the United States is authorized under federal law), source of income, ancestry, disability (mental and physical, including, but not limited to, HIV/AIDS status, cancer diagnosis, and genetic characteristics), genetic information, or age."  https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB948

 Restrictive Covenants - Per California Association of Realtors, this law requires real estate brokers or agents, who have actual knowledge of possible unlawfully restrictive covenants in a declaration, governing document or deed that is being directly delivered must notify the owner or buyer of such and the ability of the owner or buyer to have it removed through the Restrictive Covenant Modification process.  https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1466

Home Inspectors - A plumbing contractor may inspect a sewer lateral pipe connecting a residence or business to a sewer system and also offer to or perform repairs if the consumer is provided a specified disclosure before authorizing the home inspection. SB484

Duplexes and Lot Splits in Single Family Zoning - Many city and/or county rules affect this new law, but two units in a single family zone may be permitted, and subdivision into two parcels.   SB9

Emotional Support Animals - Per California Association of Realtors,  AB 468 requires a person that provides an emotional support dog to give notice to the recipient or buyer that the dog does not have the special training required to be a guide, signal or service dog; and requires a person that provides a certificate, tag, vest, leash or harness for an emotional support dog to give notice to the buyer that the material does not entitle an emotional support dog to the rights and privileges afforded to a guide, signal or service dog.  

Additionally, AB468 prohibits a health care practitioner from providing documentation relating to an individual’s need for an emotional support dog unless the health care practitioner complies with specified requirements, including: 1. Holding a valid license; 2. Establishing a client-provider relationship with the individual for at least 30 days prior to providing the documentation, and, 3. Completing a clinical evaluation of the individual regarding the need for an emotional support dog.

Revocable Transfer on Death Deed - extended to 2032.  This deed may allow avoidance of probate, and allows a homeowner to transfer to a named beneficiary 1-4 residential unit property upon the owner's death without a probate proceeding. Two witnesses are now required to sign the deed. Stock cooperatives are excluded from the types of property that may be transferred via RTODD but agricultural land with up to four residential dwelling units are now included. The user is advised to seek legal advice before utilizing this deed.  SB315

These are just some of the real estate-related laws  coming into effect, more concern updates to Proposition 19 (exemptions on property tax reassessment), penalties on property tax ,  PACE liens and seniors, fire hazard zones and home hardening update, foreclosure sales and owner occupants, delivery of notices in homeowner associations, plus more.  For more complete information on these new laws, please contact me for a separate obtaining of informational printouts.

 

Julia Huntsman, REALTOR, Broker | www.juliahuntsman.com | 562-896-2609 | California Lic. #01188996

Appraisals Are a Large Reason for Delayed and Terminated Buyer/Seller Contracts

The National Association of Realtors June 21, 2021, Realtors Confidence Index Survey showed:

Problems encountered for a delay of contract closing were due to:

    1. Issues related to obtaining financing - 21%.

    2. Appraisal issues - 26%.

    3. Home inspection/environmental issues - 8%.

    4. Titling or deed issues - 11%

    5. Contingencies stated in the contract - 6%

    6. Issues in the buying/selling of distressed property - 2%

    7. Other - 26% (???) 

Problems in terminated contracts:

    1. Appraisal issues - 13%

    2. Issues related to obtaining financing - 7%

    3. Buyers lost job - 1%

Note that in both groups, appraisals were the largest issue, not unexpected in the huge and fast rise in home prices in the country as a whole.  Low appraisal values are sometimes overcome by the seller being willing to make an adjustment, the buyer having more money to put in, or a loan adjustment made when the buyer is already making a large down payment, or a switch to a different type of loan, or an increase in value when nearby properties justifying the price have just closed escrow.  If there is enough market data, an inperson appraiser visit may be waived and online data is viewed as satisfactory.  This doesn't always work though, and buyers and sellers must not assume that there won't be a problem with trying to close a price that is $100,000 over list. Agents really have to know their local market pricing to avoid an appraisal issue.

 

Julia Huntsman, REALTOR, Broker | www.juliahuntsman.com | 562-896-2609 | California Lic. #01188996

5 Criteria For Pricing A Home (Plus More)

When you put your home up for sale, one of the best ways to determine the asking price is to look at comparable sales. Unless your home is in a tract where few house modifications have been made, there’s rarely a perfect apples-to-apples comparison, so a pricing decision often relies on comparisons to several recent sales in the area. Here are five criteria to look for in a sales comparison.

1. Location: Homes in the same neighborhood typically follow the same market trends. Comparing your home to another in the same neighborhood is a good start, but comparing it to homes on the same street or block is even better. Appraisers usually use distance, i.e., up to one mile, as one of the selection bases for comparable homes, however a very similar home on your block will be included for value consideration over a very similar home a half-mile away.
   

2. Date of sale: It varies by location, but housing markets can see a ton of fluctuation in a short time period. It‘s best to use the most recent sales data available. Depending on other factors, home sales from the previous 6 months, and if there are many, the previous 30-90 days, will be selected for comparison.
   

3. Home build: Look for homes with similar architectural styles, numbers of bathrooms and bedrooms, square footage, and other basics. If your home is in a 1920s Spanish bungalow historic district, it's not likely that a 1962 contemporary style home will be selected even if it is not far away.  And, a condo is rarely ever considered a comparable for a single family home.
   

4. Features and upgrades: Remodeled bathrooms and kitchens can raise a home’s price, and so can less flashy upgrades like a new roof or HVAC system. Be sure to look for similar bells and whistles. However, a remodeled kitchen does not automatically raise the price of a house using the cost of the remodel.  Since remodeled kitchens and bathrooms are more common in the market, they will be a more standard basis for comparison. 
   

5. Sale types: Homes that are sold as short sales or foreclosures are often in distress or sold at a lower price than they’d receive from a more typical sale. These homes are not as useful for comparisons.  Some lenders when requesting an appraisal will not want to use a distressed property as a comparison for a standard sale, however, if a distressed sale property otherwise compares to your home, and it sold for market value, it may be accepted in the appraisal.

Other factors such as square footage:  Unless it is a very down market with very few sales and the appraiser must make adjustment calculations, a 2000 square foot house that is 4 bedrooms will not ordinarily be used as a comparison for a 900 square foot home with 2 bedrooms--it would simply fall outside the usual comparison parameters.  In that case, an appraiser is more likely to widen the search area to find a more similar property in a similar area.

An appraisal is an opinion of value by the appraiser, and sometimes one of the parties disagrees with it, in which case a buyer may request another one by a different appraiser (and probably have to pay the price for it as well).  Listing agents will usually meet the appraiser at the property and hand them comparables they believe justify the contract price.  When I've done this, most appraisers will review those properties especially when the agent is extremely familiar with the nearby sales.

Getting the right list and sell price is important for a smooth transaction, and these are the more common issues agents need to take into consideration when presenting market information so that a seller gets the proper perspective on pricing their home.

Julia Huntsman, REALTOR, Broker | www.juliahuntsman.com | 562-896-2609 | California Lic. #01188996

What Are Appraisal-Free Mortgages? Starting Soon

Fannie Mae (Federal National Mortgage Association since 1938) and Freddie Mac (Federal Home

Get good grades and you get an easier loan

Loan Mortgage Corporation since 1970s) are both government sponsored enterprises (GSEs).  Freddie Mac "buys mortgages on the secondary market, pools them, and sells them as a mortgage-backed security to investors on the open market." (Wikipedia).  Fannie Mae's "purpose is to expand the secondary mortgage market by securitizing mortgages in the form of mortgage-backed securities (MBS), allowing lenders to reinvest their assets into more lending and in effect increasing the number of lenders in the mortgage market by reducing the reliance on locally based savings and loan associations (or "thrifts")." (Wikipedia)

So in other words, both entities buy back mortgage loans to resell to investors.  In order to do that, mortgage loans made to new home buyers through various lending institutions are often completed under the guidelines of either or these two entities. 

The appraisal process is a key feature or the mortgage loan process, as the loan must be shown to be a good risk for the price agreed upon between buyer and seller, but that appraisal has often been a source of contention especially when market prices are moving up  rapidly. In addition, changes to the mortgage loan process in recent years has lengthened the time taken for many loan to get completed due to new lending guides required by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to protect borrowers.

So, beginning in 2016, certain refinance mortgages by Fannie Mae were approved for "appraisal free" loans.  Now, both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are jumping onto the bandwagon to offer mortgage purchase loans with internal automated appraisals which may save 10 days off escrow time and $500 to the borrower.

But this will not work for every borrower--the automated process will look at the borrower's loan-to-value (lower loan is better), the borrower's FICO scores and other determining factors about their application in order to determine the eligibility for the appraisal-free process.  Does this mean there's no calculation on the value of the property? No, because "Collateral Underwriter uses statistical models and algorithms built on a database of over 26 million appraisals to evaluate appraisal quality and drive greater confidence in the valuation of properties securing the loans acquired by Fannie Mae." 

So given that application and property value targets are met in this process, the buyer may obtain a Property Inspection Waiver on properties with low loan-to-value ratios. See Housing Wire
article. Fannie Mae does believe that the majority of mortgages will still require a traditional appraisal, however, for the right buyer, appraisal free transactions will ease their property purchase!

How Much Can You Rely on Automated Home Value Widgets?

Have you looked for a new car lately?  If you're like me, you checked out everything you could find on the internet before you ever went to a dealership for a test drive. 

The websites have interior and exterior 360 degree photos, closeups, zoom capability, video, and even the actual car price, which we equate with value. That's something we love, knowing the price, not the one we have to haggle over. You get everything on the internet except the new car smell--minus one more thing, the actual driving experience.

It's the same with house listings, there's so much available information on numerous sites, and the photos often make them look so attractive that you might think you want that one .  But unlike a car, a house price reflects many more "moving parts", condition, location, upgrades, additions, deferred maintenance, permits or lack thereof, remodel, the immediate surroundings, earthquake zones, flood zones, and much more.  And like buying a car, you really have to be there to see for yourself. The asking price could be very different from value when all is said and done with negotiations and the appraisal.

So what does this mean for AVMs (automated valuation models) such as Zillow and its "Zestimates", and other valuation widgets found on many home search sites?  It means that they are tools, rather general tools, but like driving the car and seeing the house, you have to be there. AVMs can't judge the condition of the house, or know how many prior water damage claims were submitted on it, or check the unpermitted rooms, or see if there are title defects which will prevent mortgage financing.  Zillow values are calculated on public records (strictly data oriented) and user submitted data points (selective pool of information).  By the time a given property is negotiated through buyer/seller agreements, the value may be off by as much as 30% from a Zillow estimate.   Zillow's CEO recently sold his house:

     To see a Zestimate at work, consider the fact that in July of this year Zillow Group CEO Spencer Rascoff listed his four-bedroom home in Seattle, Washington, for $1.295 million. At the time, the Zillow Zestimate valued the home at about $1.39 million. That’s over 7% higher than the list price, but within the Zillow median margin of error.
     Gordon Stephenson, the listing agent for Rascoff, told industry publication Inman that Zillow probably overestimated the value of Rascoff’s home because “its algorithm might not have accounted for the home’s unique floor plan.”  Christian Science Monitor, November 14, 2015.

When an appraiser performs his/her job during escrow, an AVM is not a part of the process. When a Realtor helps a seller or buyer established listing or offer price, knowledge of appraisal parameters may be used along with knowledge of recent sales and individualized comparisons to other properties. 
Algorithms and weights assigned to data can be educational up to a point, depending on what properties get caught in the AVM's net, but when a buyer sees multiple houses combined with knowledge of area sales, the reasons for the final result become known. 
So automated robotic prices are fun to look at and may help educate on overall price range for a given area, but they are not a substitute for a complete home price determination.

See the complete Christian Science Monitor article.

Don't Overprice Your Home's Asking Price

When a willing buyer and a willing seller complete a home sale, they have just announced to the world what the value of that property is.  That home may now be used as a marker for other similar home sales, based on other factors:

Location - proximity to community attributes such as parks, schools, and job market usually has more desirability to the buyer.
Size - Larger homes and larger lots may sell for more, and comparing a home to one that is much larger or much smaller could lead to the wrong pricing.  A buyer's lender may have very specific criteria on size when it comes time for the appraisal.
Bedrooms and bathrooms - The most common request from buyers today is for a three-bedroom, two-bath home; families today want and expect more privacy than in prior eras. And, the difference between a two-bedroom vs. a three-bedroom home may be critical for the buyer.
Features - Luxury sells, and homes with newer flooring, newer counters and cabinets are perceived as more luxurious and appealing. Some features such as spas and pools may not be worth extra to the buyer, these are often market-led factors. Newer landscaping may be a comparison item depending on the area.
Condition - A newer home that is well-maintained retains more of its original value, as do updated older homes. Homes with deferred maintenance sell for less.
Appeal - A home that looks inviting on both the exterior and the interior may be able to compensate somewhat for a less desirable location, or some other condition the seller has no control over.

If your house looks like this . . .

Too often sellers based an asking price on their own perceived value, or because they are comparing their property to a recent sale that is not completely comparable to theirs. Understanding how the buyer views the property, using the proper sale comparables most likely to be used by an appraiser, and seeing how their property stacks up against the immediate competition in the local market are important tools for seller objectivity.

It cannot be compared to this.

The public online valuation systems may be very accessible and offer quick valuations, but the homeowner should keep in mind that these systems do not use software that can "see" the home the way the buyer or your REALTOR does.  They use the public tax records, and may include properties inappropriate for yours.  As an example, 9 recently sold SFRs or condo properties in the Long Beach 90803 zip code between February 25th and August 4th, 2015 varied as much as 68% between the actual sales price and the online value estimate by a popular website company.  (Many real estate data sources within the industry do use AVMs, but some are "closer" to value than others.)  In this particular instance with the 9 properties, 6 of the properties were overestimated in value, and 3 were underestimated.  Two of the underestimated were within 1.8% of the actual selling price, which is a realistic market difference, while the third underestimated value was 17% less, which is far outside of the average  list-to-sell price.  The condo that was overestimated in value by 68% at $572,000 actually sold at $339,000.  Other estimates ranged between 7% to 41% over selling price. 

Speaking of estimates, the value of an experienced real estate professional cannot be underestimated. A good market opinion and strategy can earn you more money at the close, and save unnecessary time on the market.  Please contact me, a professional with 20 years' of experience! 

California Home Solar Panels - Buy or Lease?

Solar Panels

Solar panels are one of the many energy saving and money saving systems available to the homeowner. But save yourself some possible future headaches by investigating, beforehand, whether you should purchase or lease these panels.  Leasing seems a great way to go because it's a lot less money up front compared to buying panels outright.

Advertising your home as energy efficient seems like a great way to get a buyer fast.  But, when it comes time to sell, leased panels may turn into an outright headache for all parties:

• Your buyer will have to take over your lease payments and qualify for the lease--extra expense they may not have counted on, or a lost deal if they can't or won't agree. The monthly cost of the lease must be included in the assessment of lender's debt ratios.
• You, as the seller, may lose your next home you're in escrow for, or a job loss, if you can't move on time.
• Or, you the seller may agree to pay up on the complete lease in order to move on--one couple in Fresno paid $22,000 to get out of the lease and sell their house.

The solar leasing company may say that very few times such issues arise, since most buyers either agree to take over the lease, or most sellers can pre-pay it to move on. However, just know that leased solar panels, whether you're the buyer or seller, must be dealt with in a property transaction.

A leased solar system will usually show up on a preliminary title report because of the recorded UCC-1 filing which secures the system. But even if there's not a recorded filing, the seller must disclose the system in the transaction by checking the appropriate box on the Seller Property Questionnaire and/or on the Transfer Disclosure Statement.

In the standard Realtor contract form in California, the buyer review of lease documents and approval of solar leased panels is one of the contract contingencies, and can cancel the contract if the lease terms are not acceptable to the buyer. Buyer and seller could also negotiate on each paying an acceptable contribution towards the lease, as one option.

If the seller thinks another good reason for installing solar panels is because they increase the appraised value of the home, think again.   Leased panels are not allowed under FNMA appraisal guidelines, however owned solar panels do have appraised value and are included per underwriting guidelines.

So before obtaining leased panels, the property owner should ask the company:

1. What are the credit and other requirements required for a buyer to assume the solar lease?
2. Does the company offer alternatives to buyers with weak credit, such as placing a cash deposit?
3. Does the solar company have a dedicated team or other procedures to facilitate the transfer of leases to buyers?
4. How long does it take typically for the lease transfer to occur? 
5. Can a lease be transferred easily within the timeframe of a thirty day escrow?

 See Ken Harney's recent Washington Post article on solar panels.  For a more indepth article on this subject about issues during a California residential transaction involving leased solar panels, please contact me!

You Need to Know About Your Appraisal

The appraisal process often baffles consumers. They may feel that their home is worth a higher dollar amount, and so the appraised value doesn't always make sense to them. It is important to know that the appraiser is completely independent from lenders, buyers, sellers, and real estate agents, and that the guidelines to which they adhere are dictated by the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice and Fannie Mae. In most states, the mortgage lenders must also disclose the purpose of the appraisal, as each transaction carries its own set of rules.

In essence, these important guidelines help appraisers put a fair market value on homes based on comparable sales in the same area, and the home must be bracketed in size and value.  What does "bracket" mean?  It means that selected comparables must be, within certain percentage levels, larger and smaller in size, higher and lower in value, as well as better or worse in condition.  These may vary not only according to lender but also type of loan.

For example, there is no set dollar figure associated with a great view, pool, spa, bathroom upgrades, etc. If a homeowner installs a custom pool that cost them $30,000, but the local marketplace supports the value of a pool at $15,000, then that item will be bracketed as [$15,000] on the appraisal.
Upgrades can usually be expressed at a higher percentage of their value in newer homes because the only way to obtain those upgrades was to put more money into the cost of building the home. On the other hand, the upgrading or remodeling of an older home is rarely reflected in full in the final appraisal. This is because typically 25%-40% of the project involves demolition and the fixing of issues that aren't uncovered until the project has already begun, such as plumbing or wiring that may need updating.

Ultimately, the value of the upgrades must be supported by comparable examples within the same marketplace. These comparisons must be drawn from current market activity within the last six months. This is a safeguard to prevent appraisers from attaching too high a value to the home in question, and opening up the appraisal for review. This guideline further states that appraisers can only base their opinion on the value of home sales that have actually closed, however, current active and pending sales will also be included in an appraiser's report.

In addition, the guidelines in the 2009 Home Valuation Code of Conduct must be applied, which among other things prohibits a lender from having any contact with or influence on how the appraiser values a home. This Code, however, does not prevent the seller or buyer REALTOR from having direct contact and asking questions concerning the appraiser's familiarity with the area.  This is very important to know about an appraiser, since it's the local marketplace that determine the adjustments in values.

Article information taken from an e-mail from South Pacific Financial Corporation

California's Housing Market Projected to Rise in 2013

The good news is that prices are rising in California and the share of underwater mortgages is dropping, but the fact is that 29% of California mortgages are still "underwater" and 15% of them are still more than 125% loan-to-value.

Housing affordability is at records highs with California still over the 50% mark, meaning more than half of California households can afford to buy. Mortgage lending is very tight and "defensive", and appraisals are problematic (example: Many 20% down borrowers are finding their new property doesn't appraise as high as what they agreed to pay for it, but if they can put down another 10% of the purchase price, the lower loan-to-value erases the appraisal issue), and listing inventory is down by more than half compared to one year ago, so opportunity is scarcer.  In fact, in Los Angeles County, we have an average of 2 months of inventory--down from 8 months 2 years ago.  For December, Long Beach had 1.9 months of inventory. 

Why is this?  One reason is that many sellers are stuck where they are due to underwater value, or they are skeptical of moving on, and also because large amounts of foreclosed inventory is being bought up by investors in bulk and rented out.   Distressed sales volume is decreasing gradually, and in California statewide, equity sales are now about 64% of the market.  But expect short sales to stick around, they have been about 23-24% of the market since 2011.

2013 California Market Recovery

There is a pent-up housing demand, and job creation is one thing that can loosen up the housing market--the prediction is that new housing construction will begin again in California with the improvement in jobs. 

Each city and each area has it's own local real estate market, but tight inventory, short sales, and loan issues are very much a universal picture in the local, state and national areas.  Overall, the California market is predicted to increase in 2013.


And, another important fact:  According to a REALTOR survey, buyers are more optimistic than ever before about buying, in spite of all these other factors -- because housing affordability still makes this a great time to buy (something seller need to think about also).  Thanks to Leslie Appleton-Young, California Association of Realtors, and her report of January 11,2013.

For an agent very familiar with the Long Beach/Lakewood/Cerritos areas, please contact me at julia@juliahuntsman.com, or my phone!

Top 10 Mistakes Buyers Make

 

California Association of Realtors has made a very nice graphic about their list of buyers' top 10 mistakes in a transaction.  Since they have the experience of hearing from many agents all over the state, they would be in a position to hear the most common complaints.

Personally, I haven't had equal experience with every single one of these items when working with a buyer, but when I think about, I can come close.
Item 1:  In every market, there seems to be a certain buyer who makes a below market offer (possibly known as "lowball") and wonders why the seller didn't respond with a counteroffer, or at least hear from the listing agent. Buyers, if you are this type of offeree, please know the seller is not ever required to respond (although it's nice of them to do so) if they don't like your offer.  Even if you are totally right about the price, and sometimes you are, it doesn't matter. Because the seller has a different perception, and does not agree with yours, even if you are right. Which leads to an important point: a good contract agreement reflects a meeting of the minds. Buyers, sometimes you have to either move on, or wait and see.  

And then there's the frustration of Item 2, where the seller accepts another buyer's offer. That other

Don't Underestimate the Value of a Good Appraiser

Home appraisals are something like appraisals of other treasured possessions -- the owner would like the highest and best price for what the current market will bear.

But one of the questions is: what is the "market?"
There are "regular" standard sales, where the owner has a margin of equity or full equity, there are short sales, there are previously foreclosed properties now being sold as bank-owned, or "REO" properties. When it comes to an appraised value, the results depend so much on recent local area activity, and which properties are used for comparison to the home being appraised, and last but not least, the experience, knowledge/ability and professionalism of the appraiser, including his/her adherance to the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice.

Both buyers and sellers should be aware of current basic issues about appraisals. A 2007 lawsuit initiated in New York brought about the Home Valuation Code of Conduct (HVCC) and the ultimately controversial use of Appraisal Management Companies , an intervening layer between the buyer's lender and the appraiser who does the report for that lender. Appraisers are supposed to be independant licensed real estate professionals who are trained to give an independant analysis (under various guidelines including FNMA's) of the value of a property. The New York lawsuit came about because of pressure exerted on appraisers there (in this case by Washington Mutual, now gone) to fraudulently inflate home values. So the HVCC was developed and mandated to be used nationwide by FNMA, meaning if you wanted a loan in this country, many of which are invested in by FNMA, you had to follow this new method of obtaining an appraisal.  This was in 2007.
Today, despite some positive changes in the Code since 2007, the complaints about appraisers sent out through AMCs are still rampant.  A 6-person panel which I attended at last weekend's National Association of Realtors convention in Anaheim expressed various points of view, including:

• AMCs hire the cheapest and lowest quality appraisers (ouch!);
• This lower paid AMC appraiser may be given a "number" to hit through the Automated Valuation Model (AVM) method performed by AMC staff (not qualified appraisers) before he/she ever goes to the property. 
• Many of the AMC appraisers are much more recently trained and hired--their license number is an indication of how long they've been in the business.
• They may have little or no experience with the immediate area of the subject property. (My comment: I have not personally met someone who has flown down from San Francisco, but I did have experience the other day with an appraiser who met me in Old Lakewood City neighborhood and said that all neighborhoods in Lakewood were the same--he obviously hadn't been to Lakewood Country Club area, for example.)
• They may be pressured to "hit a number" that their AMC has already arrived at.  (Comment: Yep, I've had experience with this too--last year an AMC rep told me over the phone before the appraiser ever went to the property what the property value was of Long Beach condo. I had to put up a fight to get an actual appraiser to come to the property, and guess what? The valuation came in at the "Number" I was given over the phone.)
• Because they make less money than a traditional appraiser, they take on more assignments in a given period of time; they have less time to complete the report, and therefore less time to research the property and comparables, evaluate it, and prepare the report. 
• Market value, if the property is an equity sale, may or may not include area distressed property comparables, depending on the nature of that market.
• Short sale market value may be affected by comparables sales where the bank has given $3,000 or $25,000 to the seller vs. a short sale where there is no seller incentive. (Comment: HAFA short sales and Chase Bank are good examples.) Sometimes that information can only be found out by calling the listing or selling agent, as the MLS may not include that information. The AMC appraiser may not take the time for that kind of research.

What should both the buyer and seller understand about this situation? That the appraisal is acutely important to each of them, and even one which may have been done competently and professionally could still be called for "review" by the buyer's lender's underwriter. But there is less chance of that happening with an appraiser who knows his/her market as an appraiser.

• The listing agent and selling agent may directly speak with the appraiser.
• What is the appraiser's license level? Trainee vs. Licensed vs. Certified?
• A good listing agent will qualify that appraiser on the phone before he/she is admitted to the property, and in fact, it is the listing agent's duty to the seller to find out about that geographic competence (they always tell you they know the area, so you have to ask more questions), the appraiser's skill/knowledge level, and to make sure that appraiser is given critical information about the property's features, discrepancies with tax record, conditions--things that can affect value--along with area comparables. (Comment: My Lakewood appraiser recently told me the number of bedrooms didn't make a difference on value after I pointed out to him a discrepancy with the tax records--but oh yes it does! If it didn't, people wouldn't be paying thousands of dollars more for a 3rd bedroom.)  If the listing agent believes the appraiser does not have geographic competency, the listing agent may deny access to that appraiser, i.e., last time in area?, how many subject properties visited in area?  "Local market knowledge is the primary qualification to hire a specific appraiser for an assignment."
• The buyer/borrower is entitled to copies of ALL valuations of the property including Broker Price Opinions, Comparable Market Analysis, and AVMs, and 3 days prior to close of escrow, the borrower can request a copy of the appraisal, and all fees are required to be disclosed prior to close of escrow. 

For local market information about your area, please contact me, or find active listings and real estate information at http://www.juliahuntsman.com/.

Tips for Increasing Your Home's Value

It's not unusual for a Realtor to hear a property owner say that their home is worth a certain amount because of a particular recent sale price of another house in their neighborhood. Many times the Realtor has a different opinion about the home's value than the property owner does, not because it ultimately couldn't, but because of the way it looks right now.

It's like selling a car: A prospective buyer is far more attracted to a pretty, shiny, vacummed-out, cleaned-up, polished car sitting out on the curb when they first pull up to take a look. They are far more ready to have a discussion about it, since it compares favorably or more favorably than most other cars they looked at, and a buyer is more ready at that point to believe the car has been well-maintained, which means it's worth more to them because there will be fewer repairs.  And this is the same approach owners need to take with their houses and yards. You probably wouldn't consider getting maximum value out of your car without putting some effort into its presentation--and you need to do the same with your home:

• Trim overgrown trees and bushes so that branches are at least 10 feet away from your roof -- and possibly include that same guideline for driveways, walkways, and outdoor sitting areas, or if vegetation visually obscures too much of your house so that it cannot be clearly seen from the street. Water your landscaping so that it looks green with no bare spots, and remove dead plants.
• Consider having the house power-washed--it may eliminate a paint job (unless you have the next issue). This should be done only by a professional.
• Touch up peeling paint. Not only is this an "attractiveness" issue, it signals negative messages about maintenance, and is also an FHA loan condition issue for an FHA buyer.
• Have a professional inspect your roof and replace curled or missing shingles. Remaining life-expectancy is important, especially if most of the nearby roofs are much newer looking. Stains and plant matter such as moss can be removed with a cleaning. Considering that total roof replacement could be up to $20,000, a roof in poor condition could make your house appraise lower.
• Routine maintenance and cleaning eliminates setting off alarms: repair gutters, obtain a pest/mold inspection report annually, replace missing bricks, repair exposed wood beams and window frames, remove or repair deteriorated gates and fencing.
• Colorful plantings in the are a minimal investment, but will do much to show off your yard and your home.

It's important to remember that the money invested now will help you obtain a higher price from the buyer, and will help to eliminate value issues when the buyer's appraiser comes out to see your property during escrow. Many times sellers overestimate the amount required to prepare -- this amount will also depend on how much deferred maintenance you have and your budget. Spending $2000-$5000 dollars may bring you another $10,000-$15,000 in price, or at least help your house sell faster if your market is sluggish. Attempting to sell without any preparation could affect offering price, impact negotations during escrow if the buyer discovers further issues through their physical inspection and decides to walk away, and/or impact the appraisal. 

You can find more information on the Landscaping checklist and at the HouseLogic tab at the top of this blog.

What's In An Appraisal for All Parties?

You might think "HVCC" refers to a heating system, but no, it refers to property appraisals performed under the new Home Valuation Code of Conduct. This Code came about through the New York State General Attorney Andrew Cuomo's agreement with FNMA and Freddie Mac and the Federal Housing Finance Agency, those agencies that create the rules for loans that buyers need.

What it means for the buyer and the seller both is that conventional loans obtained for single family homes fall under this new appraisal code. (Not for FHA loans.) Appraisals have always been important: the lender did not want to loan on a property which did not match a true market value. Diligent Realtors have always advised sellers to price their properties realistically, and advised their buyers of a realistic selling price according to local market comparables, in essence, the property had to be sold twice, once to the buyer and again to the lender. The subprime market blurred this picture for quite a while, but sometimes the cure is just as bad as the problem.

To counter the effects of the subprime market, effective May 1, neither lenders nor their staff are allowed to select the appraiser, nor are they allowed to have "substantive" communication with the appraiser or the appraisal management company (AMC) which now is the new level of bureaucracy managing the assignment of appraisers. The new system may have started more problems than it ended.

Some assigned appraisers may not be familiar with an area--coming from a different county even--have no particular vested interest as to the outcome of the appraisal, consumers are being advised their appraisal will cost about $100-$150 more and they may have to lock in their rates for a longer period of time, which will also cost them more. If the consumer changes lenders, they must pay for an additional appraisal. The AMCs pay low fees, thus attracting only the inexperienced appraisers, some of whom are failing to adequately appraise a home. See The Wall Street Journal's article on this.

The AMCs are unregulated, and do nothing the reduce fraud (the reason they were established in the first place), and transactions are being cancelled in some instances, at a great cost and inconvenience to both the buyer and seller. One professional association estimates that HVCC will cost consumers 2.8 billion dollars a year in extra fees.

These issues make an already form-and-disclosure-intensive transaction even more challenging and difficult under increasingly stringent legal and professional standards, especially in California which has the reputation of being a very litigious state. But I'm sure professionals in Michigan, for instance, probably feel the same way.

Now is the time to know your market, and be prepared to address a possible appraisal gap as a "Plan B" to closing escrow, which could mean that if the difference is not too great between appraisal and contract price, that buyer and seller split the difference. Not great, but it could be an option to not meeting the closing date.

Old Saying in Real Estate: "First You Have to Sell It to the Buyer and Then ...

... you have to sell it to the appraiser." In a rising market appraisals are usually not a cause of concern, but the market of the last two years is seeing a return of cautionary words about knowing the appraisal process. This is where sellers are smart to choose agents who provide them with realistic comparables when listing their property, and this is where it's smart for buyers to work with agents who are familiar with their prospective new home.

Sellers who bought recently may not be happy with the actual rate of return on their new purchase, particularly if they've refinanced lately, or took out a home equity line, or had a 100% mortgage to begin with. Sorry, but your equity won't be so great, if any. Furthermore, in the words of a local loan representative who sent me an e-mail on appraisals today:

"The appraisal process often confuses consumers and loan officers. They may feel that their home is worth a higher dollar amount, and so the appraised value doesn't always make sense to them or sales staff because there has been so much time and effort invested in the file. It is important to know that the appraiser is completely independent from borrowers, buyers, sellers, and Real Estate Agents, and that the guidelines to which they adhere are dictated by the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) and Fannie Mae. In most states, the mortgage lenders must also disclose the purpose of the appraisal, as each transaction carries its own set of rules. In essence, these important guidelines help appraisers put a fair market value on homes based on comparable sales in the same area, and the home must be bracketed in size and value. The most important feature of a home is location, location, location."

It's not uncommon for sellers to think their lovely home is worth more because of $50,000 invested in certain upgrades, but that depends on the age of the home. Per our friend from Wachovia, "the upgrading or remodeling of an older home is rarely reflected in full in the final appraisal" because much of the total remodel cost usually involves demolition and upgrading of the basics such as plumbing and wiring. Upgrades in a very new home would get a higher return on the investment because they are an addition to the cost of building the new home. The value of those upgrades will depend on the local value of other recent sales with similar upgrades.

If you have an all cash buyer and no lender appraisal is required, you may or may not deal with an appraiser because the buyer may still want a 3rd party opinion.

A most difficult thing in a transaction where the buyer is obtaining a loan is to have the appraisal reviewed prior to closing--last minute questions can delay the closing. The best of all possible worlds is for sellers to realistically price their properties for their area.

(And why is there this picture with the dog? Because I couldn't find a photo of an appraiser.)

Long Beach long beach real estate 'Voice this!